It takes me five days to realize female circumcision is a real issue in parts of Meru County, a full day after an interview with the director of the KEMU Satellite Campus at Maua, where she mentioned it in passing. Female circumcision became a ‘real issue’ for this Meru trip when I asked my host brother, Star, about it. He said yes, it’s still practiced. What exactly did it mean, “still practiced.” Were his sisters circumcised? Yes. And his cousin, the 20 year-old cousin who came to the homestead to hang out, with whom I fetched water the first time, whose mother, a widow, seemed an industrious woman given her almost-finished 2 bedroomed stone house, her multiple farms, her last two children who had made it to high school? Yes.
The last time I had a direct conversation about female circumcision, we were definitely talking about the mutilation kind. It was Dar-es-salaam, I was 17, I was at a Steers restaurant in the fresh, glass-paned, tree-lined part of the city centre and happened to strike up a conversation with a Somali woman covered in black, save her face and hands. She’d lived in Kenya, and was in Tanzania trying to sort out travel papers for herself and others so they could go to the United States. I don’t know how we began to talk about circumcision, but she told me about her path, how her particular people circumcise, and about her (also Muslim) boyfriend, how patient he was being, how difficult it was for them to be intimate, how they were still trying.
She didn’t let me think that every Somali had gone through what she had, and perhaps I didn’t have relationships with many Somalis then for it to occur to me to wonder whether all of them had been through what my new friend had. But the opportunity of This Kenyan Life is the possibility of getting to know strangers and friends alike on a different plane, and accept them as you did before in your earlier ignorance. So I have fitfully began to wonder how many of my friends and acquaintances from parts of Meru have gone through a conversation about whether they will be circumcised or not, or actually went through it altogether. Granted, the proximity of one’s family to the epicentre of the missionary and it’s concurrent education movement anywhere across Kenya likely meant an early abandonment of all prior cultural practice for middleclass pursuits and freedoms, for better and worse. Which has given birth to third generation Christian and/or educated folk like me would have little to no recollection of our “traditional cultural practice” save for how many goats to expect during wedding negotiations. It’s made me realize that we as various kinds of Kenyans probably hear completely different messages when we listen to radio and other media discussions that involve us. This was underscored in a conversation with one of my mentors, and a Weaving friend about a moment when she was in college. In one class, part of their assigned reading was about “FGM” and while they were discussing the text, one colleague who’d been silent all through suddenly said, “But I’m not mutilated.”
I had planned to converse with various key people in the community, and was fortunate to locate the very helpful Dr. Kariuki, a gynaecologist at the Maua Methodist Hospital. It’s the best-equipped hospital in Maua. He told me the method of female circumcision commonly practiced among the Meru is clitoridectomy, where the clitoris is excised. He personally wouldn’t call it mutilation, he said, because it doesn’t interfere with birth or other bodily functions. Also, there is no comparison with the practices of the Borana, and other surrounding communities.
I wanted to ask about pleasure. Whether and how it mattered in this conversation. But I figured it wasn’t exactly a medical question, and came back to Nairobi with much of my wondering.
I want to make no assumptions as I write and think about this. There is a whole conversation to pursue later about rites of passage as indicators of maturity and indicators of development. About rituals that are brought forward long after the contexts in which they were created no longer exist. Whether they can actually be effective in their intended purpose.
Let me first try and scratch the surface on this pleasure question. I’d like to discuss sexual pleasure as related to a perceived right to enjoyment, and ideas about female circumcision as a way to exercise male domination.
Part of the desire of this project is to find and document the joy or pleasure of being alive and living in rural Kenya, following a similar if less extensive effort in Nairobi. It is not easy since i) I’m a middle-class city girl and happiest with city comforts including electricity, running water, my laptop, the internet, being able to hate on Java when the service is slow, going to the odd concert or movie, avoiding dust as much as possible...
The story of being the sole fetcher of water and preparer of food to male humans who have sired me, been birthed alongside me or paid dowry to have me perform these services, in exchange for shelter, clothing and food (that I shall plant, grow, harvest, store and cook) is not sexy. It is sometimes tempting to reduce the rural experience to that.
ii) It doesn’t help that we struggle as a country to express our joy. Aren’t we always “vumilia-(r)ing” “sukumana-ing” and otherwise just surviving, even when we are, actually okay?!
I was thus really glad to experience and observe moments when we got to sit and just chew on some sugarcane or peacefully chew on miraa as did my host-mother, while sat on the grass on Sunday afternoon. Later that day I drank the most fantastic tea at the home of one of her daughters. She was holed up together with two of her sisters, also just chilling, eating miraa. Star and I went to a rather dignified ‘hotel’ (read: bar) and read the newspaper, watched Citizen TV and drank soda. Star’s friend was there in his Sunday best, clearly having come from church, resplendent in a belt with pictures of Obama layered into the clear plastic buckle, drinking beer with friends and chewing miraa. Aside from miraa as a source of pleasure and past time, my host brother Star seems to really enjoy bananas, raw cassava as well as the millet porridge I made, actually using the word ‘-penda.’ He told stories about his circumcision while he drank the poridge; how they ate nothing else for the entirety of their ritual confinement…
I spoke to Star about this whole sexual pleasure story – telling him the feminist idea of female circumcision as a form of male domination, patriarchy. He told me how it was said to function to ‘cool women down.’ At the same time though, apparently some of his friends didn’t like how “dull” it made some women when they were busting a move, shall we say, beginning to prefer uncircumcised girls instead, who were better able to appreciate their efforts.
As a first year in college, I had the most random and detailed conversation with a Latino dude, Catholic, an immigrant to the US, originally from somewhere in Latin America. They (not sure which of these communities exactly “they” refers to here) don’t get circumcised. He was good enough to carefully explain i) what sex is like the first time when you have a foreskin (a real loss of virginity – the tear, and pain) ii) what sex was like thereafter (extra sensation) iii) what sex with him is like for his female partner at least as reported to him ☺ (extra sensation). In summary, it seems male circumcision limits the range of pleasure possible for men as it does women (lets keep this conversation limited to clitoridectomy and less invasive forms of female circumcision.)
But given the relative difficulty for most females in experiencing sexual pleasure, and all the work that they're also doing – I think the point of mutual limitation on pleasure in circumcision is worth stating as a new idea, for me at least. But for all my body parts, I can't say I'm more emancipated than they are. I was positively blushing recently at the apparent sexual freedom of one of my colleagues on a certain film set. And What-On-Earth will my mother and all her church friends (and my church friends) think when they learn of the things I've confessed to knowing and thinking AND put on the internet?!
*This piece recognizes the positive effects male circumcision is said to have in preventing HIV transmission. Also, no real data exists on the prevalence of female circumcision in this particular area of Meru and in many other places around the country since the practice is illegal in Kenya.